How does a GFI outlet provide protection?

A GFI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlet provides protection by continuously measuring ground fault currents. This type of circuit breaker is designed to monitor the flow of electricity in a circuit. If it detects an imbalance between the outgoing and incoming current – a situation that can occur when electrical current escapes to the ground, such as through a person – the GFI outlet will quickly interrupt the electrical flow. This rapid disconnection helps prevent electric shock and reduces the risk of electrocution, making it an essential safety feature in areas where moisture is present, such as kitchens and bathrooms.

The other choices describe methods that do not align with the functionality of a GFI outlet. Power surge protectors safeguard against voltage spikes but do not measure ground faults. Isolating the circuit completely does not occur in a GFI; rather, it actively monitors the current. Finally, while high wattage usage can lead to tripping a circuit breaker, this is not the mechanism by which a GFI provides its protective function. The essence of the GFI's safety lies in its ability to detect and respond to ground faults in real-time.